Understanding the Global Rise in Obesity and Singapore's Response

Between 2010 and 2022, the obesity rate in Singapore has ranged from 10 plus per cent to the current 11.6 per cent. The Woodlands Health senior consultant mentioned that government measures have helped prevent a larger increase in obesity. These measures include promoting physical activity through public infrastructure and campaigns for a healthier lifestyle and early health screenings.

The World Health Organisation defines obesity as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or above. However, for Asians in Singapore, health risks from obesity start from a BMI of 27.5. Obesity can lead to health problems beyond appearance, such as excess fat accumulation around vital organs, which can cause inflammatory responses and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease.

Dr Tham highlighted that obesity is associated with over 230 medical conditions, with many patients having multiple obesity-related complications. The most common complications include musculoskeletal complaints, obstructive sleep apnoea, and fatty liver disease. Despite the seriousness of obesity, many individuals do not seek medical help until complications arise.

Lifestyle factors like stress, lack of physical activity, and poor sleep habits contribute to obesity. Childhood obesity is also a risk factor for adult obesity. While lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise can help some individuals, others may require medical interventions like ultra-low calorie diets, medication, or bariatric surgery.

For individuals struggling with obesity due to genetic factors, a comprehensive medical team including a physician, dietitian, physiotherapist, and psychologist may be necessary. Dr Tham emphasized the importance of seeking medical help beyond traditional therapies for those unable to lose weight through diet and lifestyle changes.