Scientists raise concerns as project to create lab-made human DNA progresses

Scientists are working on creating synthetic human DNA from scratch to develop new treatments for autoimmune disorders, heart failure, viral infections, and age-related diseases. They aim to construct entire human chromosomes to assemble a fully synthetic human genome. However, this project has raised ethical and safety concerns, with experts warning about potential catastrophic risks such as biological weapons or genetically engineered 'designer babies'.

Every cell in the human body, except red blood cells, contains DNA, which carries genetic instructions for life. DNA is made up of four chemical bases - A, G, C, and T - that form the code determining traits like eye color and disease risk. Teams from various universities in the UK will collaborate over the next five years to build and test synthetic DNA in the lab to understand how DNA influences human health, development, and aging.

Constructing DNA from scratch gives scientists unprecedented control to explore genetic function and test new biological theories. This research could lead to the development of therapies for healthier aging, disease-resistant tissues, and repair techniques for organs like the heart or liver. The technology also allows researchers to study the 'dark matter' of the genome, the less understood regions of DNA that may play crucial roles in cellular function.

While medical applications may take time to materialize, the work could eventually result in breakthroughs such as virus-resistant tissues, lab-grown organs, and advanced cell-based therapies. The research could revolutionize treatment by revealing the causes of disease and how to address them. However, there are concerns about potential misuse of the technology, such as the environmental impact of lab-engineered bacteria if released unintentionally.